cannibal holocaust faye death
Kerman and Deodato frequently clashed, as the two got into long, drawn-out arguments every day of shooting, usually because of remarks made by Deodato to which Kerman took offense. Other versions also contain alternative footage shot specifically for Middle Eastern markets that do not depict nudity. However, Deodato has never mentioned any kind of attack on mondo film-making in Cannibal Holocaust. [34] In 2006, Entertainment Weekly magazine named Cannibal Holocaust as the 20th most controversial film of all time. He was particularly sadistic to people that couldn't answer back, people that were Colombian, [and] people that were Italian but could be sent home. In 2001, Death metal band Necrophagia released a song entitled "Cannibal Holocaust" from the eponymous record. Dr. Glickenstein | Cannibal Ferox Villains | The Cannibal Holocaust soundtrack is available on CD to buy from many online outlets, including Amazon. Willard Stenk | After he finishes viewing the remaining footage, Monroe expresses his disgust toward the station's decision to air the documentary. You know, the absolutely sensory-assaulting, hypnotically marauding final frames of poor Faye being sexually devoured and gastronomically gouged to death by the savage collective. According to Guinness World Records, pig organs are the animal organs most similar to human beings. Most DVDs, even those that claim to be uncut, are missing around five to ten seconds of footage. SYNOPSIS: After a documentary crew go. Shots of Alan smiling at the sight could be explained as him being happy that the impalement turned out looking the way it did, creating more brutal and sensationalistic content (i.e. [2] The character names Mark Williams and Shanda Tommaso in Clerici's screenplay were also changed to Mark Tomaso and Faye Daniels, respectively, in the film. ; Bad Boss: Shoots Jack and leaves Faye to to be butchered by the cannibals. Italian director Ruggero Deodato, famed for his controversial 1980 horror film Cannibal Holocaust, has died. The game is being developed by Fantastico Studios and was expected to be available from November 2020 for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, PC and mobile. Maximillian Largo | In a mixed review, film journalist Jay Slater claims: "Certainly a tough customer, Cannibal Ferox still fails where Deodato succeeds. Who performed the musical score for the film, and where can I get it? Cinematografica Shot on location in Colombia, the production employed real Indigenous tribes and killed actual animals. The film's advertising may hint to the footage being real, but it isn't. Disturbed by what they have seen, the executives order all of the footage to be burned. [8] Lloyd Kaufman of Troma Entertainment compares these scenes to Vsevolod Pudovkin's theory of montage, saying: "In Cannibal Holocaust, we see the actors kill and rip apart a giant sea turtle and other animals. She then held a short length of balsa wood in her mouth and looked skyward, thus giving the appearance of impalement. The UK DVD release from VIPCO (Video Instant Picture Company) also has all the animal cruelty removed (except for the snake and the spider), but is also missing other parts of the film, such as sexual violence. 1980. [64], Due to its graphic content, there are several different versions in circulation, edited to varying degrees. [1][11] Luca Giorgio Barbareschi and Francesca Ciardi, two inexperienced students from the Actors Studio in New York City, were cast as Mark Tomaso and Faye Daniels, respectively, in part because they were native Italian speakers who also spoke English. CANNIBAL HOLOCAUST presents the found footage of a group of four documentary filmmakers who experience brutal death at the hands of a savage South American tribe of flesh-eaters. Cannibal Holocaust may have seemed less amusing after its premiere in February 1980. He "rebooted" the cannibal cinema mondo genre with his 1977 jungle adventure, Last Cannibal World (also known as Jungle Holocaust) - a genre which the Italian director, Umberto Lenzi, had . Were the animals really killed for the film? A lthough comparatively obscure, the 1980 Italian horror film Cannibal Holocaust is one of the most controversial films ever made and to this day it is still banned in some countries. She then placed a small pole of balsa wood in her mouth and looked straight up, making it seem like she had been impaled. Banned in fifty countries, and name one of the most controversial movie of all time by EW, Ruggero Deadato's Cannibal Holocaust is truly an exercise in depravity. Kerman went on to star in the Italian cannibal films Eaten Alive! Edit, The makers of The Blair Witch Project (1999) (1999) have come under fire for supposedly drawing heavy uncredited influence from previously released films which bear similarities to their film. Ruggero Deodato (7 May 1939 - 29 December 2022) was an Italian film director, screenwriter, and actor.. His career spanned a wide-range of genres including peplum, comedy, drama, poliziottesco, and science fiction, yet he is perhaps best known for directing violent and gory horror films with strong elements of realism. Mark Tomaso | Cannibal Holocaust was released on February 7, 1980. She was the script writer for Alan Yates and his crew, helping them perform atrocities against people in the Amazon rainforest, then altering the footage to remove their involvement all to get sensationalist footage for their documentary so they can become famous. Deodato also hired an American from the Actors Studio, Perry Pirkanen, to play Jack Anders. The Grinch | Shot as a mondo film, Cannibal Holocaust remains as one of the most disturbing movies ever made and has inspired the found footage genre. They are myths that was created around the Manson Family murders when it was suspected that the family had video taped their crimes. One of the executives first introduces him to Alan's work by showing an excerpt from his previous documentary, The Last Road to Hell, after which she informs Monroe that Alan staged dramatic scenes to get more exciting footage. In 1982, the movie was included in the "Video Nasties" list. HobbyConsolas. 20th Century Studios Villainous Benchmarks, Lantern Entertainment Villainous Benchmarks. Alan Yates' Crew Was Deodato really attacking the Mondo film genre with 'Cannibal Holocaust'? Burning the village of the Yanomamo tribe, killing around 34 people in the process. Ruggero Deodato, director of Cannibal Holocaust, has died at the age of 83, according to the Italian newspaper Messaggero. The rest of the film is the subsequent viewing of the footage. What are the differences between the UK cuts and the original cut. Advertisements for The Blair Witch Project also promoted the idea that the footage is genuine. In 1981, video releases were not required to pass before the British Board of Film Censors (BBFC), which had power to ban films in the United Kingdom. The film tells the story of a missing documentary film . Agencies. Yet, as a result of his legal troubles, Deodato was not to direct another movie again until 1983. Complete Alan's documentary and become famous. Once they arrive, the crew proceeds to intimidate the tribe before herding the natives into a hut, which they burn down in order to stage a massacre for their film. anti-imperialism morale. "[4] Deodato was proud of other aspects of the cinematography, namely the numerous moving shots using a standard, shoulder-mounted camera, foregoing the use of a steadicam. IncriminationAnimal crueltyMurderArsonAbusePollutionPoaching. The treatment of this footage, which is noted for its visual realism, innovated the found footage style of filmmaking that was later popularized in American cinema by The Blair Witch Project. Lord Piggot-Dunceby | To convince the executives otherwise, he shows them the remaining unedited footage that only he has seen. Leticia was only accessible by air and boat. These scenes are not new, tough, but recycled from the previous one. Edit, After Mark, Jack, and Alan rape the young Yanomamo girl, they later come upon her violated body impaled on a long pole. Faye Daniels, Tribes "[21] In the ten days before it was seized, the film had grossed approximately $2 million. Ten days after premiering in Milan, the film was seized by the courts, and the director, Ruggero Deodato, was arrested and charged with obscenity. Jack is hit by a spear, and Alan shoots him to prevent his escape. Monroe expresses apprehension about the staged footage and the treatment of the natives, but his concerns are ignored. Alan momentarily has a breakdown, stating he needs to save his fiance, but Mark convinces him they need to finish the film. Deodato's death was reported by the Italian newspaper Il Messagero. After several days of trekking through the jungle, the rescue team encounters the Yacumo. She and Alan's crew set fire to the village of the Yanomamo tribe while forcing its inhabitants to enter the huts, just to get a documentary footage, thus causing the death of the natives, where there were even children. Played by Carl Gabriel Yorke, Francesca Ciardi, Perry Pirkanen, and Luca Barbareschi, the crew . Ciardi did not want to bare her breasts during the sex scene between her and Yorke, and she became agitated with him during the filming of the scene. [12], There are multiple versions of the Last Road to Hell segment, which causes variances even among uncensored releases. [61], The film's influence has extended to other media as well. James | The reason for this is the fact that the piranha were hard to control and the film crew's underwater camera was malfunctioning. The longer version also includes different titles that correctly name the film crew as they appear in the final film, while the shorter version gives the names that originally appear in the script. After the actor originally cast as Alan Yates dropped out of the role, filming was halted for two weeks until new casting calls were completed and Yorke arrived in Leticia. Cannibal Holocaust celebrated its 41st anniversary recently. Edit, The answer is no on all counts. Kerman was recommended to Deodato for his previous film, The Concorde Affair, in which Kerman played an air traffic controller, and his performance impressed Deodato enough to have Kerman cast as Harold Monroe in Cannibal Holocaust. More at IMDbPro Contact info Agent info Resume Add to list Photos Known for Cannibal Holocaust 5.8 Faye Daniels 1980 Death Walks 4.1 Lucrezia 2016 Eroina 6.6 Pusher 1980 Caccia al ladro d'autore 8.2 TV Series La ragazza di Pino 1985 1 ep Credits Edit Deodato included similar content in Cannibal Holocaust, such as graphic violence and animal death, and the documentary that is produced in Cannibal Holocaust resembles a Mondo film. However, the title credits for the in-film documentary also vary. They were brought into the Italian courts to face charges that, for some of the killings, they paid soldiers and mercenaries to make them happen. The filmmakers in Cannibal Holocaust can be seen as mondo film makers, as their documentary fits the definition of a mondo film. Cannibal Holocaust was filmed primarily on location in the Amazon rainforest of Colombia with a cast of indigenous tribes interacting with mostly inexperienced American and Italian actors recruited in New York City.[3]. The Last Road to Hell is what is known as a mondo filma documentary which exploits controversial topics, using graphic footage to elicit sensations from the viewing audience. "[4] Lloyd Kaufman claims that this form of exploitative journalism can still be seen in the media today and in programming such as reality television. Edit, Riz Ortolani, a well-respected Italian film composer, orchestrated the entire soundtrack for Cannibal Holocaust, after watching it in its entirety. "[52] Reviewer Andrew Parkinson also notes: "At the end, there is a basic attempt to validate Cannibal Ferox, posing that old chestnut of whether civilised man is actually more savage than the uncivilised tribespeople. The Italian filmmaker was both famous and infamous for his gruesome 1980 horror film Cannibal Holocaust, about a documentary team who are killed while shooting footage of indigenous people in the Amazon. [] The brain has been conditioned to accept that which it's now seeing as real. [6][8] The scene of Monroe bathing naked in a river and the scene of a forced abortion rite have also been noted as being similar to scenes in Antonio Climati's Mondo film Savana violenta. The coverage included news reports that Deodato believed to be staged, an idea which became an integral aspect of the film's story. Edit, Awards [9] Attempts were made to film this scene, but the underwater camera did not operate properly, and the piranha were difficult to control. When Felipe is bitten, he begins screaming and may be heard yelling several times, "Cut my leg!" Ruggero Deodato Cannibal (Holocausto Canbal) - Triler. Cannibal Holocaust, 1980. Willard Stenk's Accomplices | (3) For a long time, the special effects for the impalement scene went without plausible explanation until Deodato demonstrated the effect in court. However, the makers of The Blair Witch Project have denied that Cannibal Holocaust was an influence and only knew of its existence when confronted with the two films' similarities after its release. The two quickly hit it off and began dating, with Faye moving into Alan's home. ; Asshole Victim: Nobody is gonna feel bad for Alan when the cannibals finally get him.The people who knew him (even family members) said that he deserved his fate. Cannibal Holocaust recounts the story of a film crew searching the South American jungles for a missing team of young documentary film-makers. 1:28. Her body is completely scarred, presumably from the burning hut. Allegedly, the VHS version released by Shameless only misses out on 15 seconds (the killing of the coatimundi). Lone Runner (1986) Ruggero Deodato (Trailer) Filmow.com. Yorke described the shoot as having "a level of cruelty unknown to me" and was initially unsure if he was taking part in a snuff film. "[53], Unofficial sequels to Cannibal Holocaust were produced in the years following its release. Upon locating the Yacumo in a clearing, Jack shoots one in the leg so they can easily follow him to the village. Much like Alan, she is shown to be a hypocrite. A written epilogue then appears, stating, Projectionist John K. Kirov was given a two-month suspended jail sentence and fined $10,000 for illegal appropriation of film material. After ritually mutilating and cannibalizing Jack, the Yanomam catch up with the rest of the crew, whilst Alan waves around his flare gun, Faye is separated from him and yells for help from her boyfriend. User Reviews The women lead Monroe from the river to a shrine, where he discovers the skeletal remains of the filmmakers with their film reels nearby. Cannibal Holocaust (1980) is a controversial exploitation horror film directed by Ruggero Deodato, telling the tale of four documentarians who journey deep into the Amazon rainforest to film the indigenous tribes. Carface Carruthers | In 1984, the courts ruled in favor of Deodato, and Cannibal Holocaust was granted a rating certificate of VM18 for a cut print. Deodato thought that the media focused on portraying violence with little regard for journalistic integrity and believed that journalists staged certain news angles in order to obtain more sensational footage. A maker of a snuff film would murder a person specifically for the goal of selling the murder footage for sensationalist profit. Jack Anders | [67], This article is about the film. This footage is so intense, so graphic and so unflinching in its realism that the director and producer of were arrested upon its original release and the film . 20th Century Studios Villainous Benchmarks | NR. As Mark films Faye is beaten and gang raped by the Yanomam, who finish by mutilating and decapitating her then eating the remains similar to what happened to Jack. DeVos cites several examples of this double standard, including The Rules of the Game, El Topo, Wake in Fright, and Apocalypse Now. Faye Daniels taunting villagers as they burn alive.Get this, f***ers! Deodato requested specifically that Ortolani perform the soundtrack for his film. Cannibal Holocaust may have seemed less amusing after its premiere in February 1980. The scene would have taken place immediately after Professor Monroe's team saved a group of natives, the Yanomamo, from another tribe of natives, the Shamatari. They marched into a Yacumo villages and started taking advantage of their hosts, killing their animals. She was one of four actors whom the Italian police believed had been murdered in the making of the 1980 horror film Cannibal Holocaust. The most common interpretation is that Deodato was attacking the media and its coverage of sensationalistic topics instead of aiming for journalistic integrity (as the film crew did in the movie). [1], Deodato conceived of the film's premise while talking to his son about news coverage of the terrorism of the Red Brigades. After some delay due to Deodato's legal troubles, the final cut of The House on the Edge of the Park was released in November 1980. Ruggero Deodato, director of the shocking horror movie "Cannibal Holocaust," which was so controversial it was banned in some countries, died Thursday, the Italian newspaper Il Messagge Cannibal Holocaust. [13], These interpretations have also been criticized as hypocritical and poor justification for the film's content, as Cannibal Holocaust itself is highly sensationalized. The fact that it was filmed is purely incidental. It also shows that she has some standards as it shows (or at least implies) she doesn't like betrayal. During this, she taunted the tribe and mocked their deaths. The final two reels begin with the filmmakers locating a Yanomam girl, whom the men take turns raping against Faye's protests, stating they are wasting film footage. The Grindhouse Releasing/Siren Visual DVDs also have the full Last Road to Hell footage in the special features. The scenes featuring the film team were shot first with handheld 16mm cameras in a cinma vrit style that mimicked an observational documentary, a technique Deodato had learned from his mentor Roberto Rossellini. Edit, Deodato had filmed Cannibal Holocaust during June and July of 1979 in the jungles of Colombia, Brazil and Peru. RIP Ruggero Deodato. Cuts to retain an R18 classification were offered by the Office, but they were eventually refused.[42][43]. After their footage is uncovered, an American TV news station decides to air the tapes, and the rest of the movie follows the recovered footage. Like the act of vomiting or screaming, it goes inside the bodies of the spectators as well as the bodies on the screen. Described as very ambitious by her more humble sister, Faye moved to Hollywood and tried to become an actress, but when that fell through she joined a graduate school in Manhattan, New York, where she met Alan Yates. Both of the animals were eaten by indigenous cast members, who consider monkey brains a delicacy. External Reviews The Italian media was symbolized by the behavior in the film team in Cannibal Holocaust, the depiction of whom was also influenced by the works of Gualtiero Jacopetti, a documentary filmmaker of whom Deodato was a fan. Director: Ruggero Deodato Writers: Gianfranco Clerici, Giorgio Stegani Stars: Robert Kerman, Francesca Ciardi, Perry Pirkanen Some scenes in Cannibal Holocaust were directly influenced by scenes in Climati's mondo film Savana violenta (1976) (The Violent World) (1976) and can be seen as an attack on the content of Climati's films. [32], Cannibal Holocaust is seen by some critics as social commentary on various aspects of modern civilization by comparing Western society to that of the cannibals. He produced the actors to the courts to prove that the charges false. Monroe flies in via floatplane and is introduced to his guides, Chaco and his assistant, Miguel. She was the script writer for Alan Yates and his crew, helping them perform atrocities against people in the Amazon rainforest, then altering the footage to remove their involvement all to get sensationalist footage for their documentary so they can become famous. A rescue party searches for them but only finds their footage. He ultimately finds their lost cans of film, through which he ultimately . Margaret White | All Men Are Perverts: He only has a girlfriend to fuck her. [29] British film magazine Total Film ranked Cannibal Holocaust as the tenth greatest horror film of all time,[30] and the film was included in a similar list of the top 25 horror films compiled by Wired. Suddenly, they are surrounded by a group of Yanomamo warriors. In the final scene, Monroe leaves the building. President Curval | After securing the film, Monroe returns to New York and, in preparation for airing the film as a television documentary, he watches the recovered footage, only to be horrified by what he sees. [1] The producers of The Last Broadcast have denied that Cannibal Holocaust was a major influence. to which Alan agrees. "[25], Robert Firsching of AllMovie made similar criticisms of the film's content, saying: "While the film is undoubtedly gruesome enough to satisfy fans, its mixture of nauseating mondo animal slaughter, repulsive sexual violence, and pie-faced attempts at socially conscious moralizing make it rather distasteful morally as well. [6], The Italian screenwriter Gianfranco Clerici wrote the script under the working title Green Inferno. [12], Multiple cast and crew members were uncomfortable with the film's graphic content, in particular the genuine killing of animals. Was Faye supposed to be an innocent part of the film crew? The film was directed by Ruggero Deodato, popularly known as " Monsieur Cannibal. On January 19, 1942, Szlama Ber Winer made his escape. The instrumentation is equally mixed, ranging from full orchestras to electronics and synthesizers.[19]. Cannibal Holocaust presents the 'found footage' of a group of four documentary filmmakers who experience brutal death at the hands of a savage South American tribe of flesh-eaters. Cannibal Holocaust coming to 4K Ultra HD from 88 Films August 22, 2022 by Gary Collinson One of the most infamous and controversial movies of all time is making its way to 4K Ultra HD with 88. Edit, There are two possibilities for this situation: The first possibility is that the men of the film crew, after raping the girl, then killed her (off-camera) and impaled the wooden pole through her body. Only the scene in which Miguel kills a muskrat was replaced by alternate footage. These deaths, however, were not for the purpose of capturing on film. Cannibal Holocaust tells the story of a group of documentary filmmakers who go missing after they take a trek into the Amazon rainforest to make a movie about cannibal tribes. Cannibal Holocaust HORROR Banned and heavily censored throughout the world, here is a film that surpasses its reputation as a shotgun blast to the senses. Because Cannibal Holocaust was a non-union production, Yorke originally wanted to be credited under the stage name Christopher Savage, although he ultimately decided it to be unnecessary due to the film's obscurity and remote filming location. and 'Is it a good thing? After its premiere in Italy, it was ordered to be seized by a local magistrate, and Deodato was arrested on obscenity charges. The Yanomamo would then tie him to a log that they lowered into piranha infested waters. Together with Alan, they formed a crew that supposedly filmed sensationalistic documentaries, doing works filmed across the globe such as Green Inferno and The Last Road to Hell, with Faye writing the script and acting as assistant director. However, it is possible that the tribe's strongly held superstitions stated that they must kill the girl because of her impurity from the rape, and that they attacked the film crew for making it necessary to kill her (thus, in their eyes, the film crew would still be responsible for the girl's death). Lantern Entertainment Villainous Benchmarks | Cannibal Holocaust is a 1980 Italian found footage cannibal horror film directed by Ruggero Deodato and written by Gianfranco Clerici.It stars Robert Kerman as Harold Monroe, an anthropologist from New York University who leads a rescue team into the Amazon rainforest to locate a crew of filmmakers. The film asks the questions 'What is it to be 'civilized'?' This was changed from what was originally in the script, which had Faye commenting the whole way through. Child Catcher | [] Lenzi attempts to tackle cultural defilement and racial issues, but Cannibal Ferox is nothing more than a shoddy exercise in sadism and animal cruelty. Faye gleefully recorded the carnage, taunting the villagers and excited by their suffering, started making out with Alan shortly afterwards. Whilst Faye is sometimes thought of a non villainous individual. Each film uses the idea of a lost film team making a documentary in the wilderness, and their footage returned. Ruggero Deodato, the Italian filmmaker whose hyper-realistic found-footage horror pic Cannibal Holocaust got him arrested and was banned in more than 50 countries, died today, Italian media. Carter explores this, claiming that "[the lack of journalistic integrity] is shown through the interaction between Professor Monroe and the news agency that had backed the documentary crew. Did the film team intentionally kill Felipe? However, Faye never contacted with her, making their relationship ambiguous. Deodato fought in the courts for three additional years to get his film unbanned. Edit, The piranha scene was a scene that was written and originally intended to be filmed for Cannibal Holocaust. "[14] Deodato says he included the execution footage in The Last Road to Hell to draw further similarities to Cannibal Holocaust and the Mondo filmmaking of Gualtiero Jacopetti. The two first flew to Colombia to scout filming locations. Photo: Rosdiana Ciaravolo/Getty Images. The British home video company Go Video released this film in April of 1982 before the Video Nasty crisis got the uncut version banned. [12] Kerman similarly objected to the killing of the coati and stormed off the set while its death scene was filmed; he had repeatedly pressed Deodato to let the animal go in the minutes leading up to filming. the Extraterrestrial. As R. Bolla (or Richard Bolla, a pun on slang terms for penis and testicles), he appeared in well over 100 . Simply put, they were slaughtering the tribe to film for their documentary and would later edit the footage and claim it was an act perpetrated by another tribe (the Yanomamo). User Ratings An influence on generations of horror directors who came . A New York University professor returns from a rescue mission to the Amazon . [37] Following the publication of the Photo article, the charges against Deodato were amended to include murder. Shortly afterwards, an exhausted Alan says they have gotten completely lost trying to escape, and are now surrounded by the natives who pursued them. What's Her Face | Edit, There are several scenes that may point to Faye being less corrupt or an innocent party: (1) she did not participate in the burning of the hut; she only filmed, (2) she got sick and vomited when the others were disemboweling the turtle, (3) she physically tries to stop the crew's rape of the native girl (though her reason includes not wasting film on something they can't use), (4) she tries to stop Alan from killing Jack and shows intense remorse upon his death, and (5) after the hut burning, the group films a dying old woman by a riverbank. [15][12] The interior shots of New York were filmed later in a studio in Rome. This footage is so intense, so graphic and so unflinching in its realism that the director and producer of CANNIBAL HOLOCAUST were arrested upon its original release and the . How were the special effects in the "impalement scene" achieved? Leticia was only accessible by aircraft, and from there, the cast and crew had to travel by boat to reach the set. Production on Cannibal Holocaust began in 1979, when director Ruggero Deodato was contacted by West German film distributors to make a film similar to his previous work, Last Cannibal World. This is because the original film negatives were damaged during the film-to-DVD transfer. 1:25. The intrigued natives agree to trade it for the filmmakers' surviving reels of film. With the assistance of two local guides, he is introduced to the native tribe of the Yanomamo (Tree People), where he finds the remains of the crewconsisting of director Alan Yates (Carl Gabriel Yorke), his girlfriend and script girl/assistant director Faye Daniels (Francesca Ciardi), cameramen Jack Anders (Perry Pirkanen) and Mark Tomaso (Luca Barbareschi), and their guide Felipe Ocanyaand several reels of their undeveloped film. Filmed in the Amazon Rainforest and dealing with indigenous tribes, it was cast mostly with United States actors and filmed in English to achieve wider distribution. For PAL running times, it is 92 minutes uncut (as PAL DVDs run about 4% faster than film and NTSC). If Deodato suffered from legal troubles for years after 'Cannibal Holocaust's release, how was he able to make 'The House on the Edge of the Park' and release it in the same year? They also stage and manipulate several scenes in their documentaries. Edit, The Last Road to Hell is a documentary that the missing film crew had previously shot.
Carmel Country Club Charity Concert 2021,
Scorpio Horoscope Tomorrow,
Bevy Seltzer Nutrition Facts,
Sedgwick County Mugshots,
Articles C